New images beamed back by New Horizons show Pluto's warped and scarred north pole, crisscrossed by winding valleys and pockmarked with enormous pits.
The widest of the canyons (yellow in the image below) – is about 75 kilometres wide. Smaller canyons to the east and west (in green) are approximately 10 kilometres wide.
The degraded walls of these canyons appear to be much older than the more sharply defined canyon systems elsewhere on Pluto, perhaps because the polar canyons are older and made of weaker material.
A shallow, winding valley (in blue) runs the entire length of the canyon floor. To the east, another valley (pink) winds toward the bottom-right corner of the image. The nearby terrain, at bottom right, appears to have been blanketed by material that obscures small-scale topographic features, creating a "softened" appearance for the landscape.
Large, irregularly-shaped pits (in red), reach 70 kilometres across and 4 kilometres deep, scarring the region. These pits may indicate locations where subsurface ice has melted or sublimated from below, causing the ground to collapse.
New Horizons' infrared measurements show loads of methane ice across the region, but little nitrogen ice, such as that found in the dwarf planet's bright heart-shaped region.
“One possibility is that the yellow terrains may correspond to older methane deposits that have been more processed by solar radiation than the bluer terrain,” said Will Grundy, New Horizons composition team lead from Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, Arizona.
Originally published by Cosmos as Pluto’s scarred north pole laid bare
Belinda Smith
Belinda Smith is a science and technology journalist in Melbourne, Australia.
Read science facts, not fiction...
There’s never been a more important time to explain the facts, cherish evidence-based knowledge and to showcase the latest scientific, technological and engineering breakthroughs. Cosmos is published by The Royal Institution of Australia, a charity dedicated to connecting people with the world of science. Financial contributions, however big or small, help us provide access to trusted science information at a time when the world needs it most. Please support us by making a donation or purchasing a subscription today.