Ellen Phiddian
Quantum batteries promise much faster charging, better efficiency and longer lifetimes than conventional batteries. But for now, they’re thoroughly stuck in the lab.
Chinese and Japanese researchers have nailed down a phenomenon that could – eventually – result in quantum batteries in phones or super-efficient solar panels.
“Current batteries for low-power devices, such as smartphones or sensors, typically use chemicals such as lithium to store charge, whereas a quantum battery uses microscopic particles like arrays of atoms,” says Yuanbo Chen, a graduate student at the University of Tokyo and author on a paper describing the research, published in Physical Review Letters.
“While chemical batteries are governed by classical laws of physics, microscopic particles are quantum in nature, so we have a chance to explore ways of using them that bend or even break our intuitive notions of what takes place at small scales.
“I’m particularly interested in the way quantum particles can work to violate one of our most fundamental experiences, that of time.”
Chen and colleagues tested lasers, lenses and mirrors to charge a quantum battery. They tapped into a quantum effect called “indefinite causal order”, or ICO.
ICO revolves around the idea that causality can flow both ways in the quantum realm. At a classical scale, an event cannot cause something that came before it. But at the quantum scale, it is possible for two events to cause each other: this is a by-product of quantum superposition.
“With ICO, we demonstrated that the way you charge a battery made up of quantum particles could drastically impact its performance,” says Chen.
“We saw huge gains in both the energy stored in the system and the thermal efficiency.
“And somewhat counterintuitively, we discovered the surprising effect of an interaction that’s the inverse of what you might expect: A lower-power charger could provide higher energies with greater efficiency than a comparably higher-power charger using the same apparatus.”
The researchers believe that ICO could be used in quantum batteries for low-powered devices, but it could also be applied elsewhere. For instance, the way it interacts with heat means that ICO could be used to make solar panels more efficient.
